
Waymo experimenting with generative AI, but exec says LiDAR and radar sensors important to self-driving safety ‘under all conditions’
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Waymo is experimenting with generative AI, but its current approach is a stark contrast to one of its newer rivals, Tesla.
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August 16, 2025
01:12 AM
Fortune
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·waymoWaymo experimenting with generative AI, but exec says LiDAR and radar sensors important to self-driving safety ‘under all conditions’By Jessica MathewsBy Jessica MathewsSenior WriterJessica MathewsSenior WriterJessica Mathews is a senior writer for Fortune covering startups and the venture capital industry.SEE FULL BIO Srikanth Thirumalai, vice president of onboard engineering at Waymo (Photo courtesy of Waymo)Waymo is experimenting with generative AI and other nologies for its self-driving cars, but the company believes the asment of laser sensors and radars mounted on its cars remains the safest way to run a robotaxi service at scale—at least for now. “We’ve done a lot of re
We’re aware of what works and what doesn’t work at our scale and what we need to do,” Srikanth Thirumalai, who is vice president of onboard engineering for the current robotaxi industry incumbent, Waymo, said this week at the Ai4 Conference in Las Vegas
While rivals Tesla are pushing self-driving cars that rely solely on cameras, Waymo’s Thirumalai says the combination of LiDAR and radar vides “an additional safety net” to make sure that the company has the adequate data it needs to make driving decisions “under all conditions”—including extreme weather
Thirumalai was speaking on stage in an interview with Fortune
Earlier that day, Thirumalai gave a solo presentation, describing Waymo’s AI stack and apach to safety in detail that has allowed the company to scale its operation to five cities by mid-2025 and conduct more than 100 million driverless miles
In his presentation, Thirumalai showed a of how LiDAR sensors on the Waymo Jaguar I-PACE had picked up movement from human beings readying to jump in the road, even when the vehicle’s cameras had not—or a woman preparing to go around a stopped bus and directly into the path of a Waymo robotaxi
In both instances, Waymo’s robotaxi stopped or maneuvered out of the way to avoid with the pedestrians, according to the s
The presentation showed the stark contrast in apaches between Waymo and one of its newer rivals, Tesla, which launched a small-scale, invite-only robotaxi service in Austin this June, with safety drivers in the passenger seat
Tesla, which was demonstrating its full self-driving (FSD) nology via demo rides at the Ai4 Conference, is only using cameras and its AI nology for FSD and Tesla Robotaxi, after years of Elon Musk stating that other sensors are expensive and unnecessary. “LiDAR is a fool’s errand,” Elon Musk said in 2019. “Anyone relying on LiDAR is doomed
Doomed! [They are] expensive sensors that are unnecessary.” Thirumalai wouldn’t say directly whether he considered camera-only self-driving systems Tesla’s to be safe for the public roads
He said that you have to consider “the whole cess” of how a system is built, tested, then validated, and he also said that you cannot statistically compare Waymo’s system to another, because of the lack of comparable safety metrics
General Motors’ subsidiary Cruise, which also used LiDAR and radar systems, susp operations earlier this year after it failed to relaunch after a serious accident in San Francisco
For context, Tesla said it had driven 7,000 driverless miles at the end of July, compared to Waymo’s 100 million. “If we are talking objective measures, then we have to look at the statistics of our safety record, at scale, right?” Thirumalai said. “When someone actually says: Yes, we matched your safety at your scale with a different system, that’s great
We’ll take that.” Waymo is regularly testing new nology as it becomes available, according to Thirumalai
As part of that experimentation, he said that Waymo has reed how multimodal models Gemini can be incorporated into the Waymo stack (Waymo has not tested any other generative AI models besides Google’s Gemini, Thirumalai confirmed)
The robotaxi company has published several papers of its re into multimodal models, including a city-scale traffic simulation with a generative world model as well as Waymo’s re around EMMA, Waymo’s End-to-end Multimodal Model for Autonomous driving
Waymo has reported that co-training its vehicles with EMMA helped with things object detection and road graphs, saying there was “potential” for EMMA as a generalist model for autonomous driving applications
However, EMMA is expensive, can only cess a small number of image frames, and does not incorporate LiDAR sensors or radar—all of which lead to “challenges” for using EMMA as a “standalone model for driving” Thirumalai said incorporating generative AI models into the self-driving stack is an area of “intense re,” and that he believes this will continue. “But there’s a lot more work that’s going to be needed to make the system as simple as possible,” he said
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