OpenAI’s open source pivot shows how U.S. tech is trying to catch up to China’s AI boom

Last Thursday, it released GPT-5, the long-awaited to its powerful GPT model

OpenAI’s move s a flood of Chinese AI models spurred by the surprise release from Chinese AI startup DeepSeek

It’s a major shift for the U.S

Open weight models allow developers to fine-tune for specific tasks without retraining it from scratch

Despite its name, OpenAI has focused on releasing closed, prietary models, meaning developers couldn’t get under the hood to see how they worked—allowing OpenAI to charge for access to its powerful models

DeepSeek tested that strategy

The Hangzhou-based start-up made waves by releasing models that matched the performance of ducts from Western rivals OpenAI and Anthropic

By making its nology openly accessible, DeepSeek allowed developers around the globe to experience the power of its models firsthand

Since then, Chinese AI development has exploded, with companies large and small rushing to unveil increasingly advanced models

Most releases are open-source. “Globally, AI labs are feeling the heat as open source models are increasingly recognized for their role in democratizing AI development,” Grace Shao, an China-based AI analyst and founder of AI em, says

U.S. stocks have rebounded from the slump triggered by DeepSeek, but the shift to open-source may be more permanent

In March, OpenAI CEO Sam Altman conceded that the developer may have been on the “wrong side of history” by maintaining a closed apach

The race is now geopolitically charged

Ahead of releasing the open-source models, Altman said he was “excited for the world to be building on an open AI stack created in the United States, based on democratic values, available for free to all and for wide benefit.” Altman’s statement leans into a growing competition over AI–one that developers in the U.S. are worried of losing. “This plethora of simultaneous open AI models (with published weights and papers nique) is an ‘idea orgy.’ The collective innovation should easily soar past anything one company can do alone,” Benchmark general partner Bill Gurley wrote on X in late July. “It’s formidable and should easily win over single prietary players (anywhere in the globe).” China embraces open-source Chinese AI firms are now aggressively championing open-source

Baidu, once the leader in China’s AI development with its ERNIE model, went open-source a few months ago to catch up with Alibaba and DeepSeek

Kuaishou and Tencent have both released open-source -generation models

Zhipu AI, Moonshot AI and MiniMax–some of China’s so-called “AI tigers”—have also released open-source models in recent weeks

Rather than closely guard their breakthroughs, Chinese developers think an open apach will encourage greater innovation and encourage adoption. “When the model is open-source, people naturally want to try it out of curiosity,” Baidu CEO Robin Li told analysts in February, soon after the company unveiled its plans to go open-source And there’s a argument too: Alibaba executives, for example, argue that their open-source Qwen models encourage companies and startups to use Alibaba’s cloud computing services

Since DeepSeek’s release, Chinese companies have rushed to integrate Chinese AI models into their ducts, including social media platforms, cars, and even air-conditioners

There may also be a psychological element at play

Going open-source lets users around the world see the power of Chinese AI models for themselves, appealing to an up-and-coming sector that’s long been denigrated by outsiders as a copycat

Export controls China has supported other open-source nologies

Officials back the use of the RISC-V chip design architecture, an open-source alternative to prietary architectures ARM and Intel’s x86

RISC-V allows Chinese chip engineers to best practices and ideas, spurring the growth of the broader sector

Beijing seeks to develop a self-sufficient semiconductor sector, in part due to concerns of the U.S.’s control of critical parts of the chip supply chain

China’s embrace of RISC-V has raised eyebrows in Washington

Last year, the House Select Committee on the Chinese Communist Party that U.S. officials study the risks of RISC-V, and reportedly posed preventing U.S. citizens from aiding China on the open-source architecture

Leaders vs. ers China’s embrace of open-source aligns with the country’s initial position as a runner-up in AI. “If you’re an OpenAI, an Anthropic, a Google…if you’re really leading, then you have this incredibly valuable asset,” Helen Toner, the director of strategy at Georgetown’s Center for Security and Emerging nology, said at the Fortune Brainstorm AI Singapore conference in mid-July. “It’s easy to understand why they wouldn’t want to just hand out [their models] for free to their competitors if they’re able to sell access to their closed systems at a premium.” But for ers, who “can’t compete at the frontier,” releasing an open-source model is a way to show “how advanced you are,” she explained

Open-source models also “buy a lot of goodwill,” Toner, who once served on OpenAI’s board, added. “What we’ve seen over the last couple years is how much soft power is available to people who are willing to and organizations that are willing to make their nology available freely,” she explained

The U.S. may now recognize the “soft power” potential of open-source. “The United States is committed to supporting the development and deployment of open-source and open-weight models,” Michael Kratsios, director of the U.S

Office of Science and nology Policy, said in South Korea earlier this week And with OpenAI’s decision, U.S

AI is now perhaps put in a rare position: ing, not leading.