Europe·RussiaEuropeNATO ally warns of ‘hybrid war’ threat from Russia as drones plague European military bases and airportsBy Jason MaBy Jason MaWeekend EditorJason MaWeekend EditorJason Ma is the weekend editor at Fortune, where he covers , the economy, finance, and housing.SEE FULL BIO Danish frigate HDMS Esbern Snare patrols the water and the airspace at Copenhagen Airport on Sept.
30.Martin Sylvest Andersen—Getty ImagesDenmark, a founding member of NATO, has added to growing alarms the threat of “hybrid war” from Russia as drone sightings spread to more European airports and even military installations.
On Thursday, the airport in Munich, Germany, grounded flights after several drone sightings.
And on Friday, Belgium said it was investigating drone sightings above a military base near the German border.
That’s after Denmark also reported drones flying above its airports and largest military base.
“I hope that everybody recognizes now that there is a hybrid war, and one day it’s Poland, the other day it’s Denmark and next week, it will bably be somewhere else,” Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen told reporters on Wednesday.
“There is only one country…willing to threaten us, and it is Russia, and therefore, we need a very strong answer back.” Denmark hasn’t directly attributed the recent drone incidents to Russia.
But the remarks Russian drone incursions into Poland as well as Russian fighter jets violating Estonian airspace, forcing NATO to intercept them.
Russia’s ambassador to Denmark denied Moscow was involved in the drone flights, calling them “a staged vocation” designed to spark a military confrontation.
Meanwhile, Russian President Vladimir Putin joked the situation when asked sending drones over Europe: “I’ll stop, I won’t send any more drones to France, Denmark, Copenhagen.
Where else have they been flying?” The growing alarms over hybrid warfare—operations in a grey area that stop short of a full-fledged military attack—come as Europe continues supporting Ukraine in its fight against Russia’s invasion and is considering ways to use frozen Russian assets.
European officials have also been warning other hybrid threats and suspect Moscow was behind a string of incidents, including the sabotage of an undersea cable, cyberattacks, GPS jamming of civil aviation, and even acts of arson.
In July, the European Union’s top diplomat condemned what she called “Russia’s persistent hybrid campaigns” against EU countries.
In an interview with the Financial Times, Denmark’s Frederiksen said Tuesday that Russia’s hybrid war is “only the beginning,” adding that it’s meant “to threaten us, to divide us, to destabilize us.
To use drones one day, cyber attacks the next day, sabotage on the third day.” Washington is also taking a harder line as President Donald Trump has lost patience with Moscow after his meeting with Putin in Alaska failed to yield any gress toward a ceasefire.
The U.S. will now vide Ukraine with intelligence for long-range missile strikes on Russia’s energy infrastructure, sources told the Wall Street Journal.
In addition to arming Ukraine, Europe is racing to reinvigorate its own military capabilities amid the looming Russia threat and dding from Trump that NATO spend more on defense.
On Wednesday, Frederiksen said Europe is in “the most difficult and dangerous situation since the end of the Second World War.” Early this year, the Danish Defense Intelligence Service assessed the risk from Russia once its Ukraine war stops or freezes in place.
Russia could launch a local war against a bordering country within six months, a regional war in the Baltics within two years, and a large-scale attack on Europe within five years if the U.S.
does not get involved, according to a translation of the report from Politico.
“Russia is ly to be more willing to use military force in a regional war against one or more European NATO countries if it perceives NATO as militarily weakened or politically divided,” according to the assessment, which was dated Feb.
9. “This is particularly true if Russia assesses that the U.S. cannot or will not support the European NATO countries in a war with Russia.” Fortune Global Forum returns Oct. 26–27, 2025 in Riyadh.
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